Ancient and Medieval History of Rajouri District

Introduction

Rajouri District, located in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, has a long and fascinating history that stretches back to ancient times. Once part of Poonch district until 1967, Rajouri has been a center of cultural, political, and economic activity for centuries. Its strategic location along the Pir Panjal range made it a hub for trade, governance, and military significance. From Aryan settlements to Mughal influences, Rajouri History reflects the diverse layers of civilization that shaped the region.

Ancient History of Rajouri

According to historians, one branch of the Aryan emigrants crossed the Himalayas and settled in the Rajouri and Poonch areas. In ancient times, Rajouri, Bhimber, and Naushera were integrated within the territory of Abhisar, one of the hill states of the Punjab Kingdom.

• Political Structure: Records suggest that by the 4th century B.C., northwestern India had a federal type of political setup, with Abhisar and its capital Rajouri incorporated into this system.
• Alexander’s Era: At the time of Alexander’s invasion, Rajouri was at the height of its prosperity and influence.
• Mauryan Period: During the Mauryan dynasty, Rajouri became a significant trade center, connecting various regions through its mountainous routes.

This early prominence highlights Rajouri’s role as both a political and economic hub in ancient India.

Medieval History of Rajouri

The medieval period brought new cultural and religious influences to Rajouri.

• Mughal Rule: During Mughal times, the rulers of Rajouri embraced Islam but retained the title of Raja.
• Al-Biruni’s Visit: The famous scholar Al-Biruni visited Rajouri in 1036 A.D. with Sultan Masud, son of Sultan Mahmud. In his book India, he referred to the town as Raja Vari, a name also used by Srivar in Raj Tirangini during Sultan Zain-ul-Abdin’s reign.
• Evolution of Name: Over centuries, the name of Rajouri evolved from Raj-Avar to Rajapuri, then to Raj Vari, Raj Vara, Rajour, and finally Rajouri.
• Principality: As per Kalhan’s Rajtirangini, Rajouri emerged as a principality around 1003 A.D. The first ruler was Raja Prithvi Paul, who defended the Pir Panjal Pass against Sultan Mahmud’s incursion in 1021 A.D.
• Heroic Defenses: Later, Raja Sangram Paul safeguarded Rajouri when Raja Harash of Kashmir attacked in 1089 A.D. His courageous defense forced Harash to retreat without victory.
• Jaral Muslim Rajas: During their rule, the Jaral Muslim Rajas rebuilt Rajouri, constructing forts, mosques, sarais, and baradaries with Mughal assistance along the Mughal road.

This period reflects Rajouri’s resilience, adaptability, and cultural blending under Hindu and Muslim rulers.

Modern History of Rajouri

The modern era saw Rajouri undergo significant administrative changes.

• Maharaja Gulab Singh’s Rule: In 1846, after taking charge from Raja Faqir Ullah, Maharaja Gulab Singh renamed Rajouri as Rampur and appointed Mian Hathu as governor.
• Constructions: Mian Hathu built a magnificent temple near Thanna Nallah and the Rajouri Fort at Dhannidhar village.
• Administrative Changes: Later, Rajouri was turned into a tehsil under Bhimber district. In 1904, it was affiliated with Reasi district.
• Post-Independence: After India’s independence, Rajouri became part of the newly constituted Poonch-Rajouri district. On 1st January 1968, Rajouri was officially recognized as a separate district in Jammu and Kashmir.

Conclusion

The History of Rajouri District is a remarkable journey through ancient, medieval, and modern times. From its Aryan roots and Mauryan trade prominence to its Mughal-era resilience and eventual modern administrative identity, Rajouri reflects the cultural and political evolution of Jammu and Kashmir. Today, it stands not only as a district of historical importance but also as a living testament to the diverse traditions and heroic legacy of the region.